Visual loss as the initial manifestation of an ignored disseminated prostate cancer: A case report.

Purpose: To present a rare case of advanced disseminated prostate cancer with bilateral visual loss as the initial manifestation of the disease. Observations: A 55-year-old man referring progressive visual blurring for the last 6 months and painless severe bilateral visual loss in the last 7 days prior to our consultation, associated with a bilateral optic disc swelling and leptomeningeal metastases from a previously ignored prostate carcinoma is presented. Rapid improvement of visual acuity and involution of leptomeningeal metastasis was observed after initiation of the specific oncologic treatment. Conclusions and importance: Bilateral visual loss may be the initial manifestation of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from an ignored prostate cancer. Prompt diagnosis is crucial in order to improve the quality of life of a critically ill patient with a disseminated prostate cancer.

ROP Screening Tool Assessment and Validation in a Third-Level Hospital in Argentina: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether a mathematical tool that predicts severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using clinical parameters at 6 weeks of life (ROPScore calculator smartphone application; PABEX Corporation) can be useful to predict severe ROP in a population of premature infants in Argentina. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data from the clinical records of all premature infants examined between 2012 and 2018 in the ophthalmology department of a public third-level hospital in Córdoba, Argentina, were obtained. ROPScore screening was applied using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of the algorithm were analyzed. RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 2,894 pre-term infants were examined and 411 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 34% (n = 139) presented some form of ROP and 6% (n = 25) developed severe forms that required treatment. The sensitivity of the algorithm for any ROP and severe ROP was 100%. The PPV and NPV were 35.64% and 100%, respectively, for any ROP and 9.88% and 100% for severe ROP. CONCLUSIONS: One-time only calculation of the ROPScore algorithm could identify severe cases after validation, reducing the number of screened infants by 38% in infants with a birth weight of 1,500 g or less or a gestational age of 32 weeks or younger. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021;58(1):55-61.].

Drusen de papila. Análisis descriptivo / Papillary drusen. Descriptive analysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los drusen de papila son depósitos de material hialino calcificado a nivel de la cabeza del nervio óptico. Pueden ser difíciles de distinguir de la verdadera inflamación del nervio óptico y su identificación correcta es relevante debido a la morbilidad visual y sistémica que conlleva el diagnóstico de un verdadero edema de papila. OBJETIVO: Describir los hallazgos clínicos en un grupo de pacientes con drusen de papila. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 39 casos de pseudoedema de papila secundario a drusen de papila. Se recuperaron datos de la historia clínica y se analizaron características oftalmológicas y de los métodos complementarios (campo visual computarizado ­CVC-, tomografía de coherencia óptica ­OCT- , ecografía y neuroimágenes). RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 39 ojos. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 9 años. La mayoría no reporto antecedentes patológicos ni heredofamiliares. El principal motivo de consulta fue control de rutina y el segundo fue cefalea. El 56% tenían una excelente agudeza visual, 20% buena, 2.5% regular y 5% mala agudeza visual. El 36% de los ojos fueron emétropes, 41% hipermétropes y 23% miopes. Los hallazgos más representativos en el fondo de ojos fue la sobreelevación papilar (71,8% IC95% 57,9-86), papila de bordes borrados (43% IC95% 27,4-58,5) y tortuosidad vascular (43,6% IC95% 27,4-58,5). En todos los casos la ecografía fue diagnóstica, mostrando imágenes hiperecoicas dentro del nervio óptico. En el CVC no se encontraron hallazgos relevantes. CONCLUSIONES: Los drusen de papila son una alteración que puede encontrarse con frecuencia en un examen de fondo de ojo de rutina, y que un oftalmólogo debe conocer para evitar errores diagnósticos. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Papillary drusen are deposits of calcified material at the level of the optic nerve head. It's can be difficult to distinguish from true optic nerve swelling. Its correct identification is relevant due to the visual and systemic implications of the diagnosis of true papilledema. OBJECTIVE: To characterize clinically a group of patients diagnosed with papillary drusen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study of 39 eyes with papillary pseudoedema secondary to optic nerve drusen was performed. Data from the medical history were retrieved and characteristics of the ophthalmological medical examination and complementary methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), computerized visual fields, and ocular ultrasound were analyzed. RESULTS: 39 eyes of 20 patients with papillary drusen were studied. The average age at diagnosis was 9 years. The majority did not report pathological or heredofamilial background. The main complain consultation was routine check out and the second was headache. The 56% had excellent visual acuity, 20% good, 2.5% regular and 5% had poor visual acuity. There were 36% emmetropic eyes, 41% hypermetropics and 23% myopia. The most representative findings in the fundus were swollen disks, appearing in (71,8% IC95% 57,9-86) of the cases, optic nerve with ill-defined and vascular tortuosity, appeating in 43,6% (IC95% 27,4-58,5) of the cases. In all cases the ultrasound was diagnostic, showing hyperechoic images withing the optic nerve. No relevant findings were found at CVC. CONCLUSIONS: Papillary drusen is a frequent disease that can be found in every day practice. Ophthalmologist should be aware of this to avoid misdiagnosis. (AU)

Resultados de los exámenes oftalmológicos en niños nacidos a término y sus antecedentes maternos / Outcomes of ophthalmologic exams of full-term infants and their maternal history

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Argentina, la Sociedad Argentina de Oftalmología Infantil recomienda el examen ocular por parte de un especialista para todos los niños cuando nacen, a los seis meses, a los tres años y al inicio de la etapa escolar. Hasta el presente, no se han presentado en nuestros medios datos estadísticos de los hallazgos obtenidos OBJETIVO: Describir los hallazgos de los exámenes oftalmológicos en niños nacidos a término, menores de un año, controlados en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Materno Neonatal de Córdoba, 2015- 2018 y su relación con variables demográficas y antecedentes patológicos maternos y del niño. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Niños nacidos a término con una edad gestacional ≥37 semanas, a los que se les realizó un examen que incluyó revisión de: alineación cefálica con respecto al eje vertebral, rostro, ubicación ocular dentro de órbita ósea, simetría en la posición y tamaño ocular, defensa y seguimiento a la luz, alineación y movimientos oculares, párpados, conjuntiva, esclera, córnea, cámara anterior, iris, pupila y cristalino, vítreo, papila óptica, mácula, vasos sanguíneos y retina periférica. Posteriormente, se analizaron antecedentes de los niños tales como: edad gestacional, peso al nacer, sexo, días de vida al control y motivo de consulta. En cuanto a los antecedentes maternos se estudiaron: edad, controles, enfermedades y medicaciones durante el embarazo. La asociación entre los hallazgos oculares patológicos en los niños y su relación con los antecedentes patológicos maternos se evaluó con prueba de Chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: La muestra final estuvo conformada por un total de 4.248 niños, con una edad gestacional al nacer promedio de 39 (DE=1) semanas y peso al nacer promedio de 3.325 (DE= 491) gramos. Hubo predominio del sexo masculino (51%) y el 60% de los pacientes fueron controlados antes de los 28 días de vida. El 73% acudió por control neonatal y el 27 % por interconsultas, principalmente por patologías TORCH. En las madres, la edad promedio fue de 26 (DE= 7) años; los embarazos fueron controlados en el 94%. El 65% fueron embarazos normales, y el 35% patológicos, siendo frecuentes las enfermedades TORCH. El cuanto, al examen oftalmológico, el 93% (n= 3950) de los niños presentó controles normales, mientras que el 7% (n= 298) presentó controles anormales siendo lo más frecuente las conjuntivitis (59%, n= 110) y las hemorragias retinianas no maculares (67%, n= 99). Hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre menores de 28 días de vida y anormalidades oculares (p<0.001), y entre patologías TORCH y exámenes oftalmológicos anormales (p= 0.01). CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los controles oftalmológicos de niños nacidos a término menores de año en nuestro medio son normales. Los hallazgos oculares patológicos más frecuentes se asociaron con antecedentes de patologías TORCH tanto en la madre como en el niño. La mayoría de las anomalías se presentaron antes de los 28 días de vida por lo que consideramos importante realizar sin demora el examen oftalmológico completo incluyendo fondo de ojos cuando existan antecedentes sospechosos en la madre o el niño, e incluso en niños sin antecedentes patológicos. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: In Argentina, the Argentine Society of Infantile Ophthalmology recommends an eye examination by a trained ophthalmologist to all children at birth, at six months, at three years, and at the beginning of school. To our knowledge, these are no statistical data on the ophthalmological findings in our country. OBJECTIVE To describe the ophthalmological findings in full-term infants less than one year of age monitored in an ophthalmology service of a public hospital between January 2015 and December 2018, and their possible relationship with the maternal medical history (demographic variables and pathological history). POPULATIONS AND METHODS: The population was composed of full-term babies with a gestational age ≥37 weeks. The examination included cephalic alignment with respect to the vertebral axis, face, ocular location within the orbit, symmetry and eye size, eye movements, eyelids, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, pupil and lens, vitreous, optic disk, macula, blood vessels and peripheral retina. Subsequently, newborns history was analyzed as: gestational age and birth weight, sex, days of life at examination date, and chief complain. Maternal history included age, visits and diseases during pregnancy. The relationship between pathological finding and the maternal medical history was assessed with Chi square test. RESULTS: A total of 4,248 infants, with an average gestational age at birth of 39 (SD= 1) weeks and average birth weight of 3,325 (SD= 491) grams were included in the study. There was a male predominance (51%) and 60% of the patients were monitored before 28 days of life. Seventy three were examined for routine neonatal screening and 27% were interconsultations to rule out TORCH disease. In mothers, the average age was 26(SD=7) years. Pregnancies were controlled in 94% of cases. Sixty five percent have had normal pregnancies and 35% pathological, being TORCH diseases the most frequent ones. Regarding the ophthalmological examination, 93% (n = 3950) of children had normal exams, while 7% (n = 298) were abnormal: conjunctivitis (59%, n = 110) and non-macular retinal hemorrhages (67%, n = 99).There was a significant association between children under 28 days of age and eye abnormalities (p <0.001), and between TORCH pathologies and abnormal ophthalmological exams (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Most ophthalmological exams of term children under one year of age were normal. The most frequent pathological ocular findings were associated with TORCH disease in both the mother and the child. Most of the anomalies were presented before 28 days of life. Therefore, we consider of importance to have a complete ophthalmological examination in the newborn without delay, including funduscopy when there is a suspicious history in the mother or child and even in children with no pathological history. (AU)